RedHat安装Oracle数据库

Posted on Edited on In Views: Symbols count in article: 8.5k Reading time ≈ 8 mins.
使用RedHat7.6安装Oracle11gR2数据库

📢：本文为实操记录，练习环境为RHEL7.6(本地虚拟机)，腾讯云Centos7.6实操安装成功。不正之处望指出。

关于虚拟机安装Linux操作系统,点击查看

Linux主机配置

主机名和网络配置

1
2
3
4
5
6
cat <<EOF >>/etc/hosts
##OracleBegin##
##Public IP
192.168.1.79   orcl79
##OracleEnd##
EOF

image-20211104095943481

hosts文件配置

1
vi /etc/hosts

image-20211104100304275

防火墙配置

1
2
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

image-20211104100742682

image-20211104100906781

SELINUX配置

1
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

image-20211104101228439

挂载镜像

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
cat <<EOF>/etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[local]
name=local
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
EOF

image-20211104101459247

安装依赖包

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
yum install -y bc \
binutils \
compat-libcap1 \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
glibc \
glibc-devel \
ksh \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
libxcb \
libX11 \
libXau \
libXi \
libXtst \
libXrender \
libXrender-devel \
make \
net-tools \
nfs-utils \
smartmontools \
sysstat \
e2fsprogs \
e2fsprogs-libs \
fontconfig-devel \
expect \
unzip \
openssh-clients \
readline* \
psmisc --skip-broken

image-20211104102036281

安装缺少的compat-libstdc++包

1
2
3
4
rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -q bc binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel make net-tools nfs-utils smartmontools sysstat e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-libs fontconfig-devel expect unzip openssh-clients readline

image-20211104102049805

配置ZeroConf

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
##关闭Zeroconf service的服务守护进程
systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket
systemctl stop avahi-daemon.service
systemctl disable avahi-daemon.service
systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket

##关闭NOZEROCONF
cat <<EOF >>/etc/sysconfig/network
#OracleBegin
NOZEROCONF=yes
#OracleEnd
EOF

image-20211104103506861

关闭透明大页和numa

1
2
sed -i 's/quiet/quiet transparent_hugepage=never numa=off/' /etc/default/grub
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

image-20211104103747755

配置系统参数文件

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
##计算shmall和shmmax值
memTotal=$(grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}')
totalMemory=$((memTotal / 2048))
shmall=$((memTotal / 4))
if [ $shmall -lt 2097152 ]; then
  shmall=2097152
fi
shmmax=$((memTotal * 1024 - 1))
if [ "$shmmax" -lt 4294967295 ]; then
  shmmax=4294967295
fi
echo $shmall
echo $shmmax

##配置系统参数
cat <<EOF >>/etc/sysctl.conf
#OracleBegin
##shmmal's Calculation formula: physical memory 8G：(8*1024*1024*1024)/4096=2097152
##shmmax's Calculation formula: physical memory 8G：(8/2)*1024*1024*1024 -1=4294967295
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = $shmall  # 单个共享内存段最大值
kernel.shmmax = $shmmax  # 共享内存页数
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
EOF

##系统参数生效
sysctl -p


cat <<EOF >>/etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
EOF
1
2
kernel.shmall = $shmall  # 单个共享内存段最大值
kernel.shmmax = $shmmax  # 共享内存页数

image-20211115173131542

配置系统资源限制

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
cat <<EOF >>/etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nofile 16384
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle soft nproc 16384 
oracle hard nproc 16384 
oracle hard memlock 8000000
oracle soft memlock 8000000
EOF
# 单位kb 略低于内存
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
cat <<EOF >>/etc/security/limits.conf
#OracleBegin
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle soft nproc 2047 
oracle hard nproc 16384 
oracle hard memlock 8000000
oracle soft memlock 8000000
#OracleEnd
EOF


cat <<EOF >>/etc/pam.d/login
#OracleBegin
session required pam_limits.so 
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
#OracleEnd
EOF

创建用户和组

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle

创建Oracle安装目录

1
2
3
4
5
6
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
mkdir -p /oradata
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oradata
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
chmod -R 775 /u01/app

用户环境变量配置

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
cat <<EOF >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
################OracleBegin#########################
umask 022
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=\$TMP
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=orcl79
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export TNS_ADMIN=\$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=/usr/sbin:\$PATH
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:\$PATH
alias sas='sqlplus / as sysdba'
export PS1="[\`whoami\`@\`hostname\`:"'\$PWD]\$ '
EOF

Oracle软件安装

https://luciferliu.blog.csdn.net/article/details/118529918

软件包上传

image-20211104171706862

image-20211104171845746

解压

按顺序解压1、2软件包

1
2
3
4
5
unzip -q p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip -q p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

// 授权soft  to oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /soft

安装

VNC配置

安装GNOME桌面
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
# 列出的组列表里有GNOME Desktop。
yum grouplist  
#安装之
yum groupinstall -y "GNOME Desktop" 
# 安装完成后，修改默认启动方式为图形化界面
systemctl set-default graphical.target  //设置成图形模式 
# 如果要换回来 
systemctl set-default multi-user.target  //设置成命令模式 
#然后重启系统即可
安装VNC服务
1
2
3
yum install tigervnc-server -y

rpm -qa|grep tigervnc-server -- 验证是否安装成功
打开VNC服务
1
2
3
4
5
vncserver :1  # 5901

vncserver -kill :1  # 关闭

vncpasswd # 重置密码

然后配置好密码使用VNC Viewer连接远程桌面

image-20211108134312717

教程 ： https://blog.csdn.net/nahancy/article/details/86316971

VNC下载：链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1fEf87xSB09gWxwswNXFeYw
提取码：3w9b

执行Oracle安装脚本

进入/soft/database

1
./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0

image-20211104172834599

安装检查的问题：

1、must be configured to display at least 256 colors

解决方法：使用oracle用户打开vnserver

2、交换空间需要大于150MB

结局方法：

增加swap分区

1
2
3
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swapfile bs=1M count=512
mkswap /home/swapfile
swapon /home/swapfile

然后修改 /etc/fstab，加上：

1
2
 vim /etc/fstab
/home/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0

配置安全更新

image-20211104172939686

下载软件更新

image-20211104173006944

安装选项

image-20211104173036634

安装选项

image-20211104173111607

数据库版本

image-20211104173154202

安装位置

默认

image-20211104173224434

image-20211104173247574

操作系统组

默认

image-20211104173318474

安装前检查

image-20211104173400667

安装

1
rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5.x86_64.rpm

image-20211104173503682

重新检查

image-20211104173621400

等待安装

image-20211104173754434

错误解决

image-20211104173840559

1
2
3
su - oracle
sed -i 's/^\(\s*\$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)\)\s*$/\1 -lnnz11/g' $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk

image-20211104174044437

执行配置脚本

1
2
3
su - root
/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

image-20211104174220290

image-20211104174230792

安装完成

image-20211104174313280

安装完成后重启主机

1
reboot

创建数据库

打开监听

1
2
3
su - oracle
lsnrctl start
lsnrctl status

image-20211104175006137

打开配置工具

1
2
export LANG=en_US
dbca

image-20211104175143670

创建数据库

image-20211104175219629

自定义模式

image-20211104175242442

实例名

image-20211104175309394

EM

image-20211104175402390

使用统一密码

P@ssw0rd

image-20211104175458122

使用建好的数据文件保存地址

image-20211104175606842

关闭闪回和归档

image-20211104175643304

image-20211104175710858

内存分配

image-20211104175742728

image-20211104175807092

字符集配置

image-20211104175832188

下一步

image-20211104190456300

下一步

image-20211104190517979

image-20211104190603367

等待创建完成

image-20211104190644897

image-20211104194542389

连接数据库

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba

## 重启后启动数据库
startup

shutdown immediate; # 关闭数据库

$ echo $ORACLE_SID  -- 实例ID
....                    -->> Look what you get
$ echo $ORACLE_HOME -- 安装目录
....                  
$ ps -ef | grep smon    -->> Look for smon background process which
ora_smon_InfraDB        -->> should include ORACLE_SID in it.

$ ORACLE_SID=InfraDB    -->> set to a valid value like these ones.
$ ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbhome_1

$ lsnrctl status        -->> Look whether listener is ON
$ lsnrctl start         -->> If not, then start the listener.

select * from v$database;

##创建数据库用户
create user test identified by test;
grant dba to test; # RESOURCE
commit;
grant create session to test
conn test/test

##创建表
create table student (id number not null,name varchar2(100));
insert into student values (1,'jonty');
commit;

image-20211104194801063

注意：如果执行SQL命令ORA-01034: ORACLE not available，可能是实例ID对不上

1
2
3
4
5
echo $ORACLE_SID   -- 查看当前实例

echo $ORACLE_HOME -- 安装目录

ORACLE_SID=medprodb  -- 设置

image-20211108134715074

数据库补丁安装

上传补丁

上传PSU文件夹到/soft目录下并解压

p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip

image-20211118190817028

关闭数据库服务

停掉所有数据库服务

1
2
3
4
5
6
lsnrctl stop # 关闭监听

emctl stop dbconsole; # 关闭EM

shutdown immediate; # 关闭数据库

替换OPatch

替换OPatch工具

1
2
3
cd $ORACLE_HOME
cd /OPatch
./opatch version

image-20211118192559635

1
2
mv Opatch OPatch_old # 备份
cp -r /soft/Opatch . # 复制

image-20211118193207365

执行补丁脚本

进入补丁目录

查看README.html文档

1
2
3
4
5
6
opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./
opatch apply

# 如果OPatch failed with error code 73
ps -ef|grep smon
kill -9 进程id

image-20211118194022739

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
opatch lsinventory # 查看

cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup # 启动
@catbundle.sql psu apply # 执行脚本
@utlrp.sql

image-20211118194940622

image-20211118195242997

重启数据库

1
2
shutdown immediate;
startup;

基础维护

关闭密码过期

1
2
select * from dba_profiles where profile = 'DEFAULT'; # 查看
alter profile default limit PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;

参数

1
2
show parameter audit; # 审计
alter system set audit_trail = none scope = spfile;
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
select name from v$datafile; # 查看数据文件

show parameter sga; # 查看sga

show parameter pga; # 查看pga

show parameter proc; # 进程数

1
2
show parameter open; # 游标
alter system set open_cursors = 2000 scope = spfile;

警告日志

1
2
show parameter dump
cd /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace

image-20211118201536713

image-20211118201633885

归档日志

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
archive log list;
show parameter recover;

alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=5g;
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest = '/archive';
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
archive log list;
alter database open;

配置完成后关闭，迁移数据后生产再打开

1
2
3
4
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database noarchivelog;
alter database open;

备份一下

1
2
# root用户
tar zcvf oracle.tar.gz /u01/app/oracle
Related Posts